二十國集團創新增長藍圖
G20 Blueprint on Innovative Growth

: 0 Comment(s)打印 E-mail China.org.cn　2016-09-07

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一、目標	I. Our Objective
世界經濟正處于重要時刻。我們決心展現領導力，秉持伙伴關系和包容精神，以應對新的機遇和挑戰。我們承諾使用所有可用的政策工具，包括貨幣、財政和結構性政策，以穩定信心并促進增長。我們需要抓住技術突破為全球經濟增長帶來的歷史性機遇。我們決心通過創新增長提升中長期增長潛力。創新增長理念涵蓋支持創新、新工業革命和數字經濟的行動，結構性改革亦在此方面發揮重要作用。在宏觀經濟政策措施支持下，這些行動可以提升生產力、創造就業、釋放新的經濟潛力。《創新增長藍圖》代表了二十國集團為促進強勁、可持續、平衡和包容增長作出的重要貢獻，是對二十國集團成員在全面增長戰略框架下所做努力的補充。	The global economy is at an important juncture. We are determined to show leadership and act in a spirit of partnership and inclusiveness to address new challenges and opportunities. We are committed to using all available policy tools - fiscal, monetary and structural - to foster confidence and strengthen growth. Moreover, we need to seize the historic opportunities presented by technological breakthroughs for global economic growth. We resolve to raise mid-to-long term growth potential through a commitment to innovative growth. This concept encompasses actions in support of innovation, the New Industrial Revolution and the digital economy. We also stress the important role played by structural reforms in this context. These actions can raise productivity, create jobs and unleash new economic potential, especially supported by macroeconomic actions. The Blueprint on Innovative Growth represents an important contribution from G20 to support strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth and complements the efforts that G20 countries are already making in their Comprehensive Growth Strategies.
二、總體工作方式	II. Our Overall Approach
我們核準以下總體工作方式，以確保實現創新增長。我們將展現領導力、伙伴精神、遠見和雄心，加強成員間以及公私部門間合作，以推進創新增長，應對共同挑戰。根據《與貿易有關的知識產權協定》等二十國集團成員加入的多邊條約及協定，我們重申充分和有效的知識產權保護和執法對創新十分重要。我們支持擴大開放，并在彼此同意的條件下促進自愿的知識傳播和技術轉讓。我們進一步強調更為開放的貿易和投資體制的重要性。我們重視以包容的精神消除極端貧困、減少不平等和社會排斥，彌合數字鴻溝。我們鼓勵建立創新生態系統，以激發創造力，支持將創意同創業、科技相結合，實現創新增長并創造就業機會。我們期待在二十國集團各工作機制之間以及同其他國際組織和倡議間的討論中加強協調。考慮到各成員的不同關切和工作重點，我們將秉持靈活性。	To ensure innovative growth, we endorse the following overall approach. We will demonstrate leadership and partnership, vision and ambition, and enhance the cooperation among members as well as between the public and private sectors, to advance innovative growth and address common challenges. In line with relevant existing multilateral treaties and agreements to which we are parties, including the TRIPs Agreement, we reaffirm the importance of adequate and effective intellectual property protection and enforcement for innovation, and support greater openness and the promotion of voluntary knowledge diffusion and technology transfer on mutually agreed terms and conditions. We further underline the importance of more open trade and investment regimes. We highlight the importance of inclusiveness to eradicate extreme poverty, reduce inequality and social exclusion and to bridge the digital divide. We encourage the creation of innovation ecosystems that catalyze creativity and support the combination of creative ideas with entrepreneurship, science and technology for innovative growth and job creation. We aspire to synergy in the discussion across work streams within the G20 and with international organizations and initiatives outside the G20. We will bear in mind the importance of flexibility given the variety of concerns and priorities of members in our work.
三、行動	III. Our Actions
（一）創新	1. Innovation
創新是指在技術、產品或流程中體現的新的和能創造價值的理念。創新包括推出新的或明顯改進的產品、商品或服務，源自創意和技術進步的工藝流程，在商業實踐、生產方式或對外關系中采用的新的營銷或組織方式。創新涵蓋了以科技創新為核心的廣泛領域，是推動全球可持續發展的主要動力之一，在諸多領域發揮著重要作用，包括促進經濟增長、就業、創業和結構性改革，提高生產力和競爭力，為民眾提供更好的服務并應對全球性挑戰。	Innovation refers to the embodiment of an idea in a technology, product, or process that is new and creates value. An innovation is the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or process which derives from creative ideas, technological progress, a new marketing method or a new organizational method in business practices, workplace organization or external relations. Innovation covers a wide range of domains with science and technology innovation as the core. Innovation is one of the key driving forces for global sustainable development, playing a fundamental role in promoting economic growth, supporting job creation, entrepreneurship and structural reform, enhancing productivity and competitiveness, providing better services for our citizens and addressing global challenges.
為進一步推動創新，幫助成員打造創新生態系統，我們通過《2016年二十國集團創新行動計劃》，制定鼓勵創新的指導原則和行動。我們鼓勵采取支持創新的戰略、政策和措施，將致力于支持科技創新投資，建立二十國集團在線創新政策實踐交流社區，發布由經合組織起草的2016年二十國集團創新報告，同創新伙伴和利益攸關方開展密切對話，同時鼓勵討論開放科學，尋找應對全球挑戰的創新型解決方案。	To further advance innovation and assist member countries to create innovative ecosystems, we adopt the G20 2016 Innovation Action Plan which outlines the guiding principles and actions for encouraging innovation. We are committed to encouraging the adoption of pro-innovation strategies, policies and measures and supporting investment in STI, creating an online G20 Community of Practice for innovation policy and a 2016 G20 Innovation Report prepared by the OECD, stimulating close dialogue with innovation partners and stakeholders, while encouraging discussion on open science and finding innovative solutions to global challenges.
（二）新工業革命	2. New Industrial Revolution
新工業革命為工業特別是制造業及其相關服務業轉變生產過程和商業模式、推動中長期經濟增長提供了新機遇。物聯網、大數據、云計算、人工智能、機器人、增材制造、新材料、增強現實、納米技術和生物技術等很多新興技術取得重大進展。這些技術進步正推動智能制造、個性定制、協同生產和其他新型生產方式和商業模式的發展。同時，在這一新環境下，企業、員工、消費者、政府和其他利益攸關方也面臨挑戰。我們將全力識別在發達和發展中國家中存在的這些挑戰和機遇，將新工業革命帶來的社會成本降至最低，并充分利用其帶來的機遇。	The New Industrial Revolution (NIR) presents new opportunities for industry, particularly manufacturing and manufacturing-related service industries, to transform production processes and business models and enhance mid-to-long term economic growth. Significant advances are being made in many emerging technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, cloud computing, Artificial Intelligence (AI), robotics, additive manufacturing, new materials, augmented reality, nanotechnology and biotechnology. These technological developments are enabling smart manufacturing, customization, collaborative production and other new production modes and business models. However, there are also challenges for enterprises, workers, consumers, governments and other stakeholders in this new environment. We will make best efforts to identify these challenges and opportunities in developed and developing countries to minimize social costs and take full advantage of the opportunities presented by the NIR.
為促進新工業革命發展并將其作為經濟增長主要動力，我們通過《二十國集團新工業革命行動計劃》，制定推進新工業革命議程的指導原則和行動。我們將就新工業革命及其相關研究進一步加強溝通與合作，推動中小企業從新工業革命中獲益，應對就業和勞動力技能方面的挑戰，加強標準合作，就新工業基礎設施深化交流與合作，確保根據《與貿易有關的知識產權協定》等二十國集團成員加入的多邊條約及協定保護知識產權，同時支持發展中國家工業化。為此，我們要求經合組織、聯合國貿發會議、聯合國工發組織全面評估新工業革命帶來的機遇和挑戰，并于2016年底向我們提交報告。	To promote the development of NIR and as a major source of economic growth, we adopt the G20 New Industrial Revolution Action Plan which outlines the guiding principle and actions for advancing the NIR agenda. We are committed to pursuing further work to strengthen communication and cooperation on the NIR and relevant research, facilitating ways for SMEs to benefit from the NIR, addressing necessary employment and workforce skills challenges, enhancing cooperation on standards, deepening exchanges and cooperation on new industrial infrastructure, ensuring intellectual property rights protection in line with relevant existing multilateral treaties and agreements to which we are parties, including the TRIPs Agreement, and supporting industrialization in developing countries. We therefore request the OECD, jointly with the UNCTAD and the UNIDO, to prepare a report that provides an overview of opportunities and challenges brought about by NIR and to report back by the end of 2016.
（三）數字經濟	3. Digital Economy
在2015年安塔利亞峰會上，二十國集團領導人確認，我們生活在互聯網經濟時代，這為全球經濟增長帶來機遇和挑戰。數字經濟是指以信息和知識的數字化為關鍵生產要素,以現代信息網絡為重要載體、以有效利用信息通信技術為提升效率和優化經濟結構重要動力的廣泛經濟活動。2016年，二十國集團建議共同利用數字機遇，應對數字挑戰，推進繁榮和充滿活力的數字經濟，推動全球增長，惠及全體人民。	During their meeting in Antalya in 2015, the G20 Leaders recognized that we are living in an age of Internet economy that brings both opportunities and challenges to global growth. The digital economy refers to a broad range of economic activities that includes using digitized information and knowledge as the key factor of production, modern information networks as the important activity space, and the effective use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as an important driver for efficiency-enhancing and economic structural optimization. In 2016, the G20 suggests ways to collectively leverage digital opportunities and cope with challenges, in order to enable a thriving and dynamic digital economy, which drives global growth and benefits all.
為實現上述目標，我們通過《二十國集團數字經濟發展與合作倡議》。我們將通過為數字經濟發展創造有利條件釋放數字經濟潛力，包括根據“連通2020議程”，重申在2020年前新增15億人聯網并獲得互聯網服務的目標；通過擴大的和可負擔的寬帶接入，提升寬帶質量；促進信息流動以實現經濟增長、信任和安全；根據信息社會世界峰會突尼斯宣言第4段有關內容，確認言論自由以及信息、思想、知識的自由流動對數字經濟至關重要、對發展大有裨益；確認必須尊重知識產權，尊重用于保護隱私和個人數據的可適用框架；促進信息通信技術引進投資；支持創業，促進數字化轉型；鼓勵電子商務合作；增強數字包容性，推行支持中小微企業更有效地利用信息通訊技術的政策。正如二十國集團安塔利亞峰會領導人公報第26段所述，我們將為開放、安全的信息通信技術環境提供政策支持，包括確認充分有效的知識產權保護和執法對數字經濟發展的重要作用；在尊重自主選擇發展道路條件下促進合作；推動透明的數字經濟政策制定；支持開發和應用國際標準；增強信心和信任；管理無線電頻率頻譜以促進創新。我們承諾就這些問題繼續密切合作，包括進一步開展相關研究和交流。我們歡迎國際組織，尤其是經合組織和國際貨幣基金組織，在各國統計組織支持下加大工作力度，改善對數字經濟及其對宏觀經濟和其他重要政策影響的測度。	To achieve the goals set above, we adopt the G20 Digital Economy Development and Cooperation Initiative. We are committed to unleashing the potential of the digital economy by providing favorable conditions for its development, including reaffirming the goal of ensuring the next 1.5 billion people are connected and have meaningful access to the Internet by 2020 in accordance with the Connect 2020 agenda, through expanded and affordable broadband access as well as improving quality, promoting the flow of information for economic growth, trust and security, recognizing that freedom of expression and the free flow of information, ideas, and knowledge, are essential for the digital economy and beneficial to development, as reaffirmed in paragraph 4 of the Tunis Commitment of WSIS and that applicable frameworks for privacy and personal data protection, as well as intellectual property rights, have to be respected, promoting investment in the ICT sector, supporting entrepreneurship and promoting digital transformation, encouraging e-commerce cooperation, enhancing digital inclusion and promoting policies that support MSMEs to use the ICT technology more effectively. We will offer policy support for an open, and secure ICT environment, including recognizing the key role of adequate and effective protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights to the development of the digital economy, as reaffirmed by paragraph 26 of the G20 Antalya Communique, promoting cooperation with respect to independent choice of development path, cultivating transparent digital economy policy-making, supporting the development and use of international standards, strengthening confidence and trust and managing radio frequency spectrum to promote innovation. We commit to cooperate and continue to work closely on these matters including through further relevant research and exchange. We welcome international organizations, particularly the OECD and IMF, supported by our national statistical organizations, intensifying their efforts to improve the measurement of the digital economy, its macroeconomic and other important policy consequences.
（四）結構性改革	4. Structural Reform
在全球經濟復蘇弱于預期的背景下，結構性改革是提高生產力和潛在產出的關鍵。因此，結構性改革在實現強勁、可持續和平衡增長以及促進創新增長方面發揮著關鍵作用。2016年，在財金渠道強勁、可持續和平衡增長框架工作組內，我們就深化結構性改革議程密切合作，并取得實質成果。我們確定了結構性改革九大優先領域，包括促進貿易和投資開放，推進勞動力市場改革，提高教育程度與技能，鼓勵創新，改善基礎設施，促進財政改革，促進競爭并營造有利于競爭的環境，改善并加強金融體系，提高環境可持續性，促進包容性增長。我們制定并核可了48條對優先領域的指導原則，為各成員提供有用的高級別指導，同時允許各國在此方面兼顧本國國情。我們核可了一套包括政策性指標和產出指標的核心指標，以幫助監測和評估二十國集團成員在結構性改革方面所做努力的進展和效果，及其應對結構性挑戰的充分性。深化結構性改革議程將納入財金渠道現有工作機制，作為協助各成員開展結構性改革的工具。我們將落實并逐漸完善深化結構性改革議程，呼吁國際組織繼續提供支持，同時注意到結構性改革的選擇和設計應符合各國經濟情況。	Against the backdrop of weaker than desirable global recovery, structural reform is key to boost productivity and potential output. Hence it plays an essential role in achieving strong, sustainable and balanced growth, as well as promoting innovative growth. In 2016, in the context of the Framework Working Group for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth under the Finance Track, we worked closely on the Enhanced Structural Reform Agenda (see the Hangzhou Action Plan) and achieved tangible outcomes. We identified nine priority areas of structural reforms, including promoting trade and investment openness; advancing labor market reform, educational attainment and skills; encouraging innovation; improving infrastructure; promoting fiscal reform; promoting competition and an enabling environment; improving and strengthening the financial system; enhancing environmental sustainability; promoting inclusive growth. We developed and endorsed a total of 48 guiding principles for the priority areas which provide useful and high-level guidance to members, while allowing us to account for the specific national circumstances. We also endorsed a common set of core indicators, comprising policy and outcome indicators, to help monitor and assess the progress and effectiveness of G20 members’ structural reform efforts as well as their adequacy to address structural challenges. As endorsed, the Enhanced Structural Reform Agenda will be incorporated into the existing work stream under the Finance Track as a tool to help assist members’ structural reform efforts. We will implement and improve over time the Enhanced Structural Reform Agenda, and call on the International Organizations (IOs) to provide continuous support, while noting that the choice and design of structural reforms are consistent with countries' economic conditions.
四、跨領域行動	IV. Our Cross-Sectoral Actions
二十國集團成員確定數項需要特別關注并采取協調方法的跨領域問題。	Several cross-sectoral issues are identified by G20 members, which require particular attention and a coordinated approach.
（一）加強多層面伙伴關系	1. Enhancing multi-dimensional partnership
我們承諾就促進創新增長的國別戰略開展溝通和信息分享，通過對話適時加強合作研究，應對共同挑戰。我們確認工商界在實現創新和創業的收益方面的重要性，將適當加強公私部門間以及大公司和中小微企業間的伙伴關系。我們將繼續采取全面方式，利用各種論壇及活動，加強各工作機制以及各配套活動間在相關領域，特別是就業、數字普惠金融和發展等問題上的合作，以促進強勁、可持續、平衡和包容增長。	We are committed to communicating and sharing information on national strategies that promote innovative growth, through dialogues to increase collaborative research as appropriate and working together to address common challenges. We commit to enhance the partnership between public and private sectors as appropriate and the partnership between large companies and MSMEs while recognizing the importance of the business sector among others in realizing the benefits of innovation and entrepreneurship. We will continue to adopt a comprehensive approach, by taking advantage of different fora and events, to advance cooperation among different work streams and engagement groups in relevant areas, particularly on the issues such as employment, digital financial inclusion and development, to promote strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth.
（二）支持發展中國家	2. Supporting developing countries
我們承諾支持發展中國家利用科技創新、新工業革命和數字經濟的機遇，制定相關戰略和計劃，推動包容性發展。我們認為充分、有效的知識產權保護和執法對促進科技創新、工業和數字經濟發展的關鍵作用，支持在雙方同意的條件下開展國際合作和自愿的技術轉讓。我們支持聯合國技術促進機制在科技創新相關問題上加強協調、一致與合作。我們注意到根據聯合國大會A/Res/70/294號決議、為建立最不發達國家技術銀行而采取的行動。我們支持發展中國家分享最佳經驗和項目，優化資源利用以促進可持續發展和社會包容，增強環境友好型技術意識。我們也認識到創新增長議程在為推動落實2030年可持續發展議程方面潛力巨大。	We are committed to supporting developing countries to promote inclusive development in their effort to formulate strategies and programs taking advantage of STI, NIR and digital economy. We recognize the critical role of adequate and effective protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights in stimulating STI, industry and digital economy development, support international cooperation and voluntary technology transfer on mutually agreed terms and conditions. We support the Technology Facilitation Mechanisms of the United Nations in its efforts to promote coordination, coherence, and cooperation on STI-related matters. We note steps taken to launch the Technology Bank for the Least Developed Countries pursuant to the UN GA resolution A/Res/70/294. We support developing countries to share best practices and programs, optimize resource usage to promote sustainable development and social inclusion and promote awareness of environment-friendly technologies. We also recognize the potential of our innovative growth agenda to facilitate the achievement of Goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
（三）提高技能和改善人力資本	3. Improving skills and human capital
我們承諾改善創新領域的培訓和技能，完善政策促進創業、創新以及新工業革命和數字經濟的參與度。我們認為適應力強的勞動力市場在應對新的創新經濟挑戰方面十分重要，歡迎《二十國集團創業行動計劃》和《二十國集團關于促進高質量學徒制的倡議》。我們支持鼓勵科技創新人才流動的政策，支持預測未來新技能需求的努力，支持運用多種政策措施和技術手段彌合數字鴻溝、增強數字包容性。我們承諾探索新的方法促進發達國家和發展中國家的溝通、人才交流與培訓，我們鼓勵大學、培訓機構和企業就課程設置、技能需求以及技能擴散特別是數字技能傳授加強交流合作。我們要強調和支持青年及女性在通過創新、創業為就業方面所發揮的重要作用，并承諾采取行動擴大高質量技能培訓和教育的覆蓋面。	We are committed to improving training and skills for innovation and enhancing policies to facilitate entrepreneurship, innovation and participation in the new industrial revolution and the digital economy. We recognize the importance of adaptable labor markets for responding to the challenges of the new innovative economy, and welcome the G20 Entrepreneurship Action Plan and the G20 Initiative to Promote Quality Apprenticeship. We support policies that encourage the mobility of STI human resources, efforts to forecast the future demand for new skills, and the use a variety of policy measures and technical means to bridge the digital divides and enhance digital inclusion. We commit to explore new methods to facilitate communication, talent exchange and training between developed and developing countries. We encourage communication and cooperation among universities, training providers and businesses with respect to the content of curricula, skill requirements, and the promotion of skill dissemination, in particular digital skills. The role of youth and women in innovation and entrepreneurship for job creation should be highlighted and supported, and we commit to take steps to expand access to quality skills training and education.
五、未來工作	V. Our Way Forward
我們高度重視《創新增長藍圖》的落實，將監測有關進展。我們將在尊重未來二十國集團主席國優先議程條件下，建立由經合組織和其他相關國際組織支持的專題工作組，推進二十國集團創新、新工業革命和數字經濟議程，確保其同現有議程保持一致，并加強其同二十國集團其他工作機制的協調。	We attach great importance to the implementation of the Blueprint and will monitor progress in this area. We will set up a G20 Task Force supported by the OECD and other relevant IOs to take forward the G20 agenda on innovation, new industrial revolution and digital economy, subject to the priorities of the respective future G20 presidencies, ensuring continuity and consistency with the results so far, and promoting synergies with other G20 work streams.
我們感謝經合組織、聯合國工發組織、聯合國貿發會議、國際貨幣基金組織、世界銀行集團和其他國際組織為制定《二十國集團創新增長藍圖》所作貢獻，期待相關國際組織繼續給予支持。	We acknowledge the contributions made by the OECD, UNIDO, UNCTAD, IMF, World Bank Group and other international organizations to the formulation of the G20 Blueprint on Innovative Growth, and look forward to continued support from these organizations. ? (Source: Xinhua)