《中國的亞太安全合作政策》白皮書
White Paper: China's Policies on Asia-Pacific Security Cooperation
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| 一、中國對亞太安全合作的政策主張 | I. China's Policies and Positions on Asia-Pacific Security Cooperation |
| 當(dāng)前，亞太地區(qū)形勢總體穩(wěn)定向好，和平與發(fā)展的勢頭依然強勁，是當(dāng)前全球格局中的穩(wěn)定板塊。促和平、求穩(wěn)定、謀發(fā)展是多數(shù)國家的戰(zhàn)略取向和共同訴求。亞太國家間政治互信不斷增強，大國互動頻繁并總體保持合作態(tài)勢。通過對話協(xié)商處理分歧和爭端是各國主要政策取向，地區(qū)熱點和爭議問題基本可控。亞太經(jīng)濟保持平穩(wěn)較快增長，處于世界經(jīng)濟增長“高地”。區(qū)域一體化加速推進，次區(qū)域合作蓬勃發(fā)展。各類自貿(mào)安排穩(wěn)步推進，互聯(lián)互通建設(shè)進入新一輪活躍期。同時，亞太地區(qū)仍面臨諸多不穩(wěn)定、不確定因素。朝鮮半島問題復(fù)雜敏感，阿富汗和解進程進展緩慢，領(lǐng)土主權(quán)和海洋權(quán)益爭端繼續(xù)發(fā)酵。一些國家加大在亞太軍事部署，個別國家推動軍事松綁，部分國家經(jīng)歷復(fù)雜政治社會轉(zhuǎn)型，恐怖主義、自然災(zāi)害、跨國犯罪等非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅日益突出。受自身結(jié)構(gòu)性問題和外部經(jīng)濟金融風(fēng)險等影響，亞洲經(jīng)濟仍面臨較大下行壓力。作為亞太大家庭中的重要一員，中國深知自身和平發(fā)展與亞太未來息息相關(guān)，一直以來以促進亞太繁榮穩(wěn)定為己任。中國愿同地區(qū)國家秉持合作共贏理念，扎實推進安全對話合作，共同維護亞太和平與穩(wěn)定的良好局面。 | Currently, the situation in the Asia-Pacific region is stable on the whole, with a strong momentum for peace and development. The Asia-Pacific region is a stable part of the global landscape. To promote peace and seek stability and development is the strategic goal and common aspiration of most countries in the region. Political mutual trust among countries has been strengthened, and major countries have frequently interacted and cooperated with one another. To address differences and disputes through negotiation and consultation is the major policy of countries in the region. Regional hotspot issues and disputes are basically under control.The region has secured steady and relatively fast growth, continuing to lead the world in this respect. Regional integration has gathered pace, with booming sub-regional cooperation. Free trade arrangements in various forms have made steady progress, and a new phase has emerged for dynamic connectivity building. However, the Asia-Pacific region still faces multiple destabilizing and uncertain factors. The nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula is complex and sensitive; the reconciliation process in Afghanistan remains slow; and disputes over territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests continue to unfold. Some countries are increasing their military deployment in the region, certain country seeks to shake off military constraints, and some countries are undergoing complex political and social transformations. Non-traditional security threats such as terrorism, natural disasters and transnational crimes have become more prominent. Asia's economy still faces significant downward pressure as a result of its structural problems as well as external economic and financial risks. As an important member of the Asia-Pacific family, China is fully aware that its peaceful development is closely linked with the future of the region. China has all along taken the advancement of regional prosperity and stability as its own responsibility. China is ready to pursue security through dialogue and cooperation in the spirit of working together for mutually beneficial results, and safeguard peace and stability jointly with other countries in the region. |
| 第一，促進共同發(fā)展，夯實亞太和平穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)。擴大經(jīng)濟利益融合是國家間關(guān)系的重要基礎(chǔ)，實現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展是維護和平穩(wěn)定的根本保障，是解決各類安全問題的“總鑰匙”。亞太地區(qū)在經(jīng)濟合作方面已取得不少成果，應(yīng)在此基礎(chǔ)上加快經(jīng)濟一體化進程，繼續(xù)推進自貿(mào)區(qū)建設(shè)和互聯(lián)互通，促進經(jīng)濟社會全面發(fā)展。落實聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程，縮小區(qū)內(nèi)發(fā)展差距，讓各國和各階層民眾共享發(fā)展紅利，拉緊各國利益紐帶。 | First, we should promote common development and lay a solid economic foundation for peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. To enhance the convergence of economic interests is an important basis for sound state-to-state relations. Common development provides a fundamental safeguard for peace and stability, and holds the key to various security issues. Considerable achievements have been made in economic cooperation. On this basis, we should accelerate the process of economic integration and continue to advance the building of free trade areas and connectivity as well as comprehensive economic and social development. We should implement the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and narrow the developmental gap in the region, so that all countries and people of all social strata will enjoy the dividends of development, and the interests of countries will be more closely intertwined. |
| 著眼于共同發(fā)展，中國提出并積極推動“一帶一路”建設(shè)，倡議成立了亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行和絲路基金。中國歡迎各國繼續(xù)積極參與，實現(xiàn)互利共贏。 | Focusing on common development, China has put forward and actively promoted the Belt and Road Initiative and initiated the establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Silk Road Fund. We welcome continued participation by all countries for mutually beneficial outcomes. |
| 第二，推進伙伴關(guān)系建設(shè)，筑牢亞太和平穩(wěn)定的政治根基。亞太地區(qū)國家具有獨特的多樣性。志同道合是伙伴，求同存異同樣可以成為伙伴，關(guān)鍵在于平等相待、合作共贏。亞太大國對維護地區(qū)和平與發(fā)展至關(guān)重要，應(yīng)客觀理性看待他方戰(zhàn)略意圖，拋棄冷戰(zhàn)思維，相互尊重正當(dāng)合理的利益關(guān)切，加強良性互動，合作應(yīng)對地區(qū)挑戰(zhàn)。中小國家沒有必要也不應(yīng)在大國之間選邊站隊。地區(qū)國家應(yīng)共同努力，走“對話而不對抗，結(jié)伴而不結(jié)盟”的新路，共建互信、包容、合作、共贏的亞太伙伴關(guān)系。 | Second, we should promote the building of partnerships and strengthen the political foundation for peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. Asia-Pacific countries have unique diversities. Countries may become partners when they have the same values and ideals, but they can also be partners if they seek common ground while reserving differences. The key is to remain committed to treating each other as equals and carrying out mutually beneficial cooperation. How major countries in the Asia-Pacific region get along with each other is critical for maintaining regional peace and development. Major countries should treat the strategic intentions of others in an objective and rational manner, reject the Cold War mentality, respect others' legitimate interests and concerns, strengthen positive interactions and respond to challenges with concerted efforts. Small and medium-sized countries need not and should not take sides among big countries. All countries should make joint efforts to pursue a new path of dialogue instead of confrontation and pursue partnerships rather than alliances, and build an Asia-Pacific partnership featuring mutual trust, inclusiveness and mutually beneficial cooperation. |
| 中國提出構(gòu)建以合作共贏為核心的新型國際關(guān)系，致力于同各國、各地區(qū)組織建立不同形式的伙伴關(guān)系。中國致力于與美國構(gòu)建不沖突不對抗、相互尊重、合作共贏的新型大國關(guān)系，與俄羅斯不斷深化全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系，與印度積極構(gòu)建更加緊密的發(fā)展伙伴關(guān)系，推動中日關(guān)系持續(xù)改善。中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人多次在不同場合闡述命運共同體理念，積極推動構(gòu)建瀾滄江－湄公河國家命運共同體和中國－東盟命運共同體，推動亞洲命運共同體和亞太命運共同體建設(shè)。 | China calls for the building of a new model of international relations centered on mutually beneficial cooperation. China is committed to building partnerships in different forms with all countries and regional organizations. China has committed itself to working with the United States to build a new model of major-country relations featuring non-conflict, non-confrontation, mutual respect, and mutually beneficial cooperation. China is committed to deepening its comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination with Russia and establishing a closer partnership with India. It is also pushing for the improvement of its relations with Japan. Chinese leaders have repeatedly elaborated on the concept of a community of shared future on many different occasions. China is working to construct a community of shared future for countries along the Lancang-Mekong River and between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as well as in Asia and the Asia-Pacific area as a whole. |
| 第三，完善現(xiàn)有地區(qū)多邊機制，鞏固亞太和平穩(wěn)定的框架支撐。地區(qū)國家應(yīng)堅持多邊主義，反對單邊主義，繼續(xù)支持地區(qū)多邊安全機制發(fā)展，推動相關(guān)機制密切協(xié)調(diào)配合，為增進相互理解與互信、擴大安全對話交流與合作發(fā)揮更大作用。 | Third, we should improve the existing regional multilateral mechanisms and strengthen the framework for supporting peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. All parties concerned should adhere to multilateralism, oppose unilateralism, further support the development of regional multilateral security mechanisms, push for close coordination between relevant mechanisms, and play a bigger role in enhancing mutual understanding and trust, and expanding exchanges and cooperation in the field of security dialogues. |
| 中國致力于推進地區(qū)安全機制建設(shè)，同有關(guān)國家共同發(fā)起成立上海合作組織和六方會談，搭建香山論壇平臺，建立中國－東盟執(zhí)法安全合作部長級對話機制、籌建瀾滄江－湄公河綜合執(zhí)法安全合作中心，積極支持亞洲相互協(xié)作與信任措施會議加強能力和機制建設(shè)，參與東盟主導(dǎo)的多邊安全對話合作機制。中國在各個地區(qū)機制下提出一系列非傳統(tǒng)安全領(lǐng)域合作倡議，有力推動了相關(guān)領(lǐng)域交流與合作。中國將承擔(dān)更多國際地區(qū)安全責(zé)任，為亞太地區(qū)乃至世界提供更多公共安全產(chǎn)品。 | Committed to pushing forward the building of regional security mechanisms, China initiated with relevant countries the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), Six-Party Talks, Xiangshan Forum, China-ASEAN Ministerial Dialogue on Law Enforcement and Security Cooperation, and Center for Comprehensive Law Enforcement and Security Cooperation in the Lancang-Mekong Sub-Region. China has actively supported the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA) in its capacity and institution building, and participated in the ASEAN-led multilateral security dialogues and cooperation mechanisms. Within various regional mechanisms, China has made a large number of cooperation proposals in the field of non-traditional security, which have strongly promoted relevant exchanges and cooperation. China will shoulder greater responsibilities for regional and global security, and provide more public security services to the Asia-Pacific region and the world at large. |
| 第四，推動規(guī)則建設(shè)，完善亞太和平穩(wěn)定的制度保障。國家之間和平相處需要秉持法治精神，遵守以《聯(lián)合國憲章》宗旨和原則為基礎(chǔ)的國際關(guān)系準(zhǔn)則，以普遍接受、公正合理的規(guī)則為保障。國際和地區(qū)規(guī)則應(yīng)由各國共商共建共享，不能由哪一個國家說了算，不能把個別國家的規(guī)則當(dāng)作“國際規(guī)則”，更不能允許個別國家打著所謂“法治”的幌子侵犯別國合法權(quán)益。 | Fourth, we should promote the rule-setting and improve the institutional safeguards for peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. To live together in peace, countries should follow the spirit of the rule of law, the international norms based on the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and the widely recognized rules of fairness and justice. International and regional rules should be discussed, formulated and observed by all countries concerned, rather than being dictated by any particular country. Rules of individual countries should not automatically become "international rules," still less should individual countries be allowed to violate the lawful rights and interests of others under the pretext of "rule of law." |
| 中國是國際法治和地區(qū)規(guī)則秩序的堅定維護者和積極建設(shè)者。為在國際關(guān)系中踐行法治精神，中國同印度、緬甸于1954年共同倡導(dǎo)了和平共處五項原則。中國迄今已加入幾乎所有政府間國際組織和400多項國際多邊條約。中國致力于維護地區(qū)海上安全和秩序，加強機制規(guī)則建設(shè)。2014年中國推動在華舉行的西太平洋海軍論壇年會通過《海上意外相遇規(guī)則》。中國將與東盟國家繼續(xù)全面有效落實《南海各方行為宣言》，爭取在協(xié)商一致基礎(chǔ)上早日達成“南海行為準(zhǔn)則”。此外，中國還積極參與網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間、外空等國際新疆域規(guī)則的協(xié)商，推動制定普遍接受、公正合理的國際規(guī)則。 | China has firmly upheld and actively contributed to international law, and regional rules and norms. To practice the rule of law in international relations, China, together with India and Myanmar, initiated the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence in 1954. China has acceded to almost all inter-governmental international organizations and more than 400 international multilateral treaties so far. China is committed to upholding regional maritime security and order, and enhancing the building of institutions and rules. In 2014 China presided over the adoption of the updated Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea at the Western Pacific Naval Symposium held in China. China and ASEAN countries will continue to fully and effectively implement the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) and strive for the early conclusion of a Code of Conduct (COC) on the basis of consensus in the framework of the DOC. In addition, China has taken an active part in consultations on setting rules in new areas such as cyberspace and outer space, so as to contribute to the formulation of widely accepted fair and equitable international rules. |
| 第五，密切軍事交流合作，增強亞太和平穩(wěn)定的保障力量。中國面臨多元復(fù)雜的安全威脅和挑戰(zhàn)，維護國家統(tǒng)一和領(lǐng)土完整的任務(wù)艱巨繁重。建設(shè)與中國國際地位相稱、與國家安全和發(fā)展利益相適應(yīng)的鞏固國防和強大軍隊，是中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)，也是中國實現(xiàn)和平發(fā)展的堅強保障。中國武裝力量為國家發(fā)展提供了安全保障和戰(zhàn)略支撐，也為維護世界和平與地區(qū)穩(wěn)定作出了積極貢獻。 | Fifth, we should intensify military exchanges and cooperation to offer more guarantees for peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. China faces diverse and complex security threats and challenges, as well as the arduous task of safeguarding national unity and territorial integrity. Building strong national defence and armed forces that are commensurate with China's international standing and its security and development interests is a strategic task in China's modernization drive, and provides a strong guarantee for its peaceful development. China's armed forces provide security and strategic support for the country's development and also make positive contributions to the maintenance of world peace and regional stability. |
| 中國武裝力量是國際安全合作的倡導(dǎo)者、推動者和參與者，堅持和平共處五項原則，全方位開展對外軍事交往，發(fā)展不結(jié)盟、不對抗、不針對第三方的軍事合作關(guān)系，推動建立公平有效的集體安全機制和軍事互信機制。中國堅持在相互尊重、平等互利、合作共贏的基礎(chǔ)上，深化同各國軍隊的交流與合作，加強邊境地區(qū)信任措施合作，推進海上安全對話與合作，參加聯(lián)合國維和行動、國際反恐合作、護航和救災(zāi)行動，舉行中外聯(lián)演聯(lián)訓(xùn)。 | China's armed forces have called for, facilitated, and participated in international security cooperation. China has followed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, conducted all-round military exchanges with other countries, and developed non-aligned and non-confrontational military cooperation not targetting any third party. It has worked to promote the establishment of just and effective collective security mechanisms and military confidence-building mechanisms. On the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, and mutually beneficial cooperation, China has increased interactions and cooperation with the armed forces of other countries, and intensified cooperation on confidence-building measures in border areas. China has promoted dialogue and cooperation on maritime security, participated in United Nations peacekeeping missions, international counter-terrorism cooperation, escort missions and disaster-relief operations, and conducted relevant joint exercises and training with other countries. |
| 第六，妥善處理分歧矛盾，維護亞太和平穩(wěn)定的良好環(huán)境。亞太地區(qū)熱點問題多為歷史遺留。地區(qū)國家應(yīng)秉持相互尊重、求同存異、和平共處的傳統(tǒng)，通過直接談判與協(xié)商妥善處理、和平解決爭議問題，不能讓老問題損害地區(qū)發(fā)展與合作，破壞國家間互信。對于領(lǐng)土和海洋權(quán)益爭議，應(yīng)在尊重歷史事實的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)公認(rèn)的國際法和現(xiàn)代海洋法，包括《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》所確定的基本原則和法律制度，通過直接相關(guān)的主權(quán)國家間的對話談判尋求和平解決。在有關(guān)問題解決前，各方應(yīng)開展對話，尋求合作，管控好局勢，防止矛盾激化升級，共同維護地區(qū)和平與穩(wěn)定。 | Sixth, we should properly resolve differences and disputes, and maintain a sound environment of peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. Most of the hotspot and sensitive issues in this region have been left over from history. To handle them, the countries in the region should follow the tradition of mutual respect, seeking common ground while reserving differences, and peaceful coexistence, and work to solve disputes properly and peacefully through direct negotiation and consultation. We should not allow old problems to hamper regional development and cooperation, and undermine mutual trust. For disputes over territories and maritime rights and interests, the sovereign states directly involved should respect historical facts and seek a peaceful solution through negotiation and consultation in accordance with the fundamental principles and legal procedures defined by universally recognized international law and modern maritime law, including the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Pending a satisfactory solution to disputes, the parties concerned should engage in dialogue to promote cooperation, manage each situation appropriately and prevent conflicts from escalating, so as to jointly safeguard peace and stability in the region. |
| 中國致力于維護南海和平穩(wěn)定的基本方向不會改變，致力于同直接當(dāng)事國通過友好協(xié)商談判和平解決領(lǐng)土和海洋權(quán)益爭議的政策主張也不會改變。中國積極推動朝核、阿富汗等地區(qū)熱點問題和平解決，努力發(fā)揮負(fù)責(zé)任大國作用。 | China is committed to upholding peace and stability in the South China Sea, and working for peaceful solutions to the disputes over territories and maritime rights and interests with the countries directly involved through friendly negotiation and consultation. This commitment remains unchanged. China has actively pushed for peaceful solutions to hotspot issues such as the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula and the Afghanistan issue, and played its due role as a responsible major country. |
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