《新疆生產建設兵團的歷史與發展》白皮書
White Paper: The History and Development of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

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四、維穩戍邊與促進民族團結	IV. Safeguard the Frontier, Maintain Stability, and Promote Ethnic Unity
新疆陸地邊境線漫長，戍守邊防是國家賦予兵團的重要職責。兵團從組建開始，就是一支高度組織化的準軍事力量。多年來，兵團堅持亦兵亦民、勞武結合、兵民合一，擁有一支數量足夠、素質較高的民兵武裝力量和兵團武警部隊，一手拿槍，一手拿鎬，與軍隊、武警和各族群眾建立起邊境安全聯防體系，在維護國家統一和新疆社會穩定、打擊暴力恐怖犯罪活動中發揮出特殊作用。	Xinjiang has a long border, and safeguarding it is the responsibility the state has entrusted to the XPCC. A highly organized paramilitary force since its founding, the XPCC has for many years shouldered both production and military duties, every member assuming the dual role of soldier and worker. The XPCC has strong militia and armed police forces whose members are capable of both combat and production. Together with the army groups, police force, and local residents of various ethnic groups of Xinjiang, the XPCC has built a strong border joint defense system. It has played a special role in safeguarding the country's unification and Xinjiang's social stability and in cracking down on violent terrorist crimes.
兵團的邊境團場是戍邊的重要力量。兵團對邊境團場實行團場包面、連隊包片、民兵包點的生產與守邊雙承包責任制，實行兵團值班民兵連隊與當地駐軍、武警和地方民兵四位一體的軍民聯防機制，共同維護國家邊防安全。按照國家的戰略部署，兵團不斷加強邊境團場建設的力度。從2000年起，兵團在邊境團場實施以危舊房改造、飲水、交通、文化、就醫、電視廣播、環境衛生等為重點的“金邊工程”，發揮區位優勢實施沿邊對外開放，開展區域對外經貿、文化交流合作，進一步改善了職工群眾的生產生活條件，增強了邊境團場的凝聚力、吸引力，提升了邊境團場戍邊的綜合實力。	Frontier regimental farms are important forces in border security. The XPCC adopts the production and defense liability system, in which regimental farms take charge of entire areas, companies take charge of subareas, and individual militias are responsible for their own lots. The XPCC also sets up the "four-in-one" joint defense system, wherein stationed troops, armed police, local militias, and XPCC on-duty militias work together to safeguard China's border security. The XPCC has constantly strengthened frontier regimental farms in accordance with China's strategic deployment. Since 2000 the XPCC has carried out the "Jinbian Project," which focuses on improving drinking water, transportation, medical services, broadcast networks, the environment and sanitation, promoting culture, and renovating dilapidated houses. It has made full use of geographical advantages to open up border areas and promote foreign trade and cultural exchanges. It has also improved local residents' working and living conditions, and increased the solidarity, attractiveness, and overall strength of border regimental farms.
維護新疆穩定是兵團的重要職責，也是實現長治久安的現實需要。20世紀80年代以來，“三股勢力”破壞活動對新疆社會穩定的危害日益凸顯。針對這種情況，根據統一部署，兵團所屬師、團、連和企事業單位建立了應急民兵營、連、排，隨時應對各種暴力恐怖突發事件。在反恐維穩斗爭中，兵團發揮了特殊作用。尤其是1990年阿克陶縣巴仁鄉“4·5”事件、1997年伊寧“2·5”事件發生后，兵團民兵發揮熟悉情況、就近就便的優勢，快速反應、迅速出擊，與武警部隊和各族群眾攜手聯動，共同打擊暴恐犯罪，維護了社會穩定。2009年烏魯木齊“7·5”事件發生后，兵團迅速組織民兵擔負起執勤、巡邏和對重點目標的守衛任務。當前，兵團正著力建設全國一流民兵隊伍，建立融生產、訓練、執勤、應急于一體的民兵常態化輪訓備勤機制。	The XPCC's crucial task to maintain Xinjiang's stability is also a factual need to realize lasting peace and stability. Since the 1980s the threat of the "three forces" - separatists, religious extremists and terrorists - to Xinjiang's social stability has grown. To confront this threat, divisions, regiments, companies, enterprises, and public institutions under the XPCC have established emergency militia battalions, companies, and platoons that enable it to respond rapidly to outbursts of violent terrorist activities. The XPCC has played crucial roles in fighting terrorism and maintaining stability, especially in the April 5 riot in Barin Township, Akto County of 1990 and the February 5 Yining incident of 1997. Familiar with the situation, and located close to these sites, the XPCC militias struck swiftly and joined hands with armed police and residents of various ethnic groups in cracking down on violent terrorist crimes, so maintaining social stability. In rapid response to the July 5 Urumqi riot of 2009, the XPCC sent militias to patrol the city and guard key districts from possible attacks. At present, the XPCC is focusing its efforts on forging a top militia force in China, and building a system of regular rotation training and standby duty, which combines production, training, duty performance, and emergency response.
新疆是多民族地區，民族團結是國家統一和新疆社會穩定的最長遠的根本問題。兵團高度融入新疆社會，長期與地方各民族毗鄰而居、和睦相處、守望相助，構成各民族相互交往交流交融的“嵌入式”社會發展模式，做到了邊疆同守、資源共享、優勢互補、共同繁榮。60年來，兵團堅持為新疆各族人民服務的宗旨，積極支援地方建設，為各族群眾辦好事、辦實事。兵團醫療機構常年組織醫療隊深入地方農村、牧區開展巡回醫療，防病治病，送醫送藥。兵團在修建各種水利、道路等工程時，同時考慮地方各族人民的利益，使興修的各項工程成為兵地雙方受益的“兩利工程”。20世紀50年代，為支持新疆工業發展，兵團把已經建設起來的規模較大的一批工交建商企業無償移交給地方。60年代中期，兵團每年拿出800多萬元人民幣專項資金幫助地方進行農田規劃建設。80年代初兵團恢復后，連續5年投資9000多萬元人民幣，支援喀什、塔城等地區興辦農田水利建設，并與地方共建文明單位400多個。90年代以來，幫助地方建設“雙語”幼兒園和“雙語”學校，培訓“雙語”教師。1999年開始，連續14年在北疆7個師的57個團場，接收來自南疆四地州32個縣(市)15批2156名基層少數民族干部掛職鍛煉培訓。進入21世紀后，兵團與地方大力發展融合經濟，建立起經濟聯合體87個，合作項目200多個。兵團還常年抽調大批科技人員，為地方舉辦種植、養殖、農機等各類培訓班，向各族農牧民傳授和推廣各類先進技術。兵地相互支援、融合發展，促進了各民族交往交流交融。	Xinjiang is a multi-ethnic region, and ethnic unity has been fundamental to preserving long-term national unification and social stability in the region. Closely integrated with local communities, the XPCC lives in harmony with all ethnic groups, with whom it shares mutual support and assistance. Together they have formed an "embedded-type" social development framework under which all ethnic groups communicate on a regular basis and integrate. They have defended the frontier and the state at large, shared resources, made their respective advantages complementary, and realized common prosperity. Over the past six decades, the XPCC, abiding by the principle of serving all ethnic groups in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, has proactively supported local construction, accomplished many good things for local residents, and resolved many problems in a down-to-earth manner. Medical institutions under the XPCC provide touring medical services to local villages and pasturing areas all year round, treating diseases and administering medicines. When building roads and water conservancy projects, the XPCC goes to great lengths to ensure that these projects are of benefit to both itself and the region. In the 1950s, to support industrial development in Xinjiang, the XPCC transferred, at no cost, to local governments a number of large-scale industrial, construction, transport, and commercial enterprises upon which it had embarked. In the mid-1960s the XPCC appropriated a special fund of more than RMB 8 million each year to aid local areas in farmland planning and construction. After its reinstatement in the early 1980s, the XPCC invested more than RMB 90 million over five consecutive years to support Kashgar and Tacheng's establishment of irrigation and water conservancy projects, and co-built with local governments more than 400 model institutions. Since the 1990s the XPCC has helped local governments to build bilingual kindergartens and schools and train bilingual teachers. Since 1999, 57 regimental farms under seven divisions in northern Xinjiang have provided training sessions and temporary posts to 15 groups of 2,156 grassroots ethnic minority officials from 32 counties (cities) in four prefectures in southern Xinjiang. Since the turn of the century, the XPCC has vigorously promoted "convergenomics," working together with the local communities in building 87 economic complexes and engaging in more than 200 cooperative projects. Throughout each year it has also assigned scientific and technological personnel to hold various training sessions on farming, animal husbandry, and agricultural machinery, and to promote a broad range of advanced technologies among local farmers and herdsmen of all ethnic groups. Mutual support and integrated development between the XPCC and local governments have promoted contact and exchanges among all ethnic groups.
兵團有漢、維、哈、回、蒙古、錫伯、俄羅斯、塔吉克、滿等37個民族，少數民族人口達37.54萬人，占總人口的13.9%，有37個少數民族聚居團場。兵團把加快少數民族聚居團場發展作為改善民生的重中之重，加大政策支持和扶貧開發力度。近年來，兵團共實施少數民族聚居團場建設項目114個，總投資10.8億元人民幣，項目涉及城鎮基礎設施建設、安居工程、設施農業、畜牧養殖業等多個領域。2012年，兵團37個少數民族聚居團場實現生產總值111.03億元，比上年增長42.8%，比兵團平均水平高出24.4個百分點。	The XPCC is a mosaic of people from 37 ethnic groups, including the Han, Uyghur, Kazak, Hui, Mongolian, Xibe, Russian, Tajik, and Manchu. The population of ethnic minorities has reached 375,400, taking up 13.9% of the Corps' total. There are 37 regimental farms inhabited predominantly by ethnic minority groups. With accelerating the development of these regimental farms as its top priority, the XPCC has enhanced policy support and poverty relief. In recent years the XPCC has launched 114 construction projects on these farms, with a total investment of RMB 1.08 billion, covering such fields as urban infrastructure, low-income housing projects, facility agriculture, and animal husbandry. In 2012 the total output value of these 37 regimental farms reached RMB 11.103 billion, up 42.8% over the previous year, and 24.4 percentage points higher than the average level in the XPCC.
兵團全面貫徹國家的民族宗教政策，促進宗教和諧，尊重和保護少數民族風俗習慣，倡導民族和諧發展、文化共同繁榮、民俗相互尊重。多民族聚居的狀況，使兵團具備了傳播先進文化、弘揚中華文化，不斷吸納融合新疆民族文化，在邊疆地區促進一體多元中華民族文化發展的基礎。在兵團，文化的相互交流進一步增進了各民族成員之間的了解和認同，推進了新疆中華民族先進文化的建設，增強了邊疆地區中華民族的凝聚力。	The XPCC fully implements China's ethnic and religious policies, promotes religious harmony, respects and protects the customs of ethnic minority groups. It advocates harmonious development, common cultural prosperity, and respect for one another's folkways among all ethnic groups. Being a part of this essential mosaic of people from different ethnic groups enables the XPCC to disseminate advanced culture, develop Chinese culture, constantly absorb Xinjiang ethnic culture and so promote the integration of diverse components of the Chinese culture in the border areas. Cultural exchanges within the XPCC have increased mutual understanding among people of different ethnic groups, facilitated the development of an advanced Chinese culture in Xinjiang, and enhanced cohesion of the Chinese nation in China's border areas.
斗轉星移，兵團走過了不平凡的60年。	The seasons change fast, and 60 eventful years have passed since the founding of the XPCC.
當前，中國各族人民正在為實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢而努力奮斗，新疆正處于實現社會穩定和長治久安的關鍵時期。支持兵團發展壯大是中央政府的一貫方針，發揮好兵團的維穩戍邊特殊作用是國家的長遠大計。新形勢下，兵團建設只能加強不能削弱。	At present, all Chinese people are striving to realize the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and Xinjiang is at a critical stage of achieving lasting social and political stability. It has been a consistent policy of the central government to support the growth of the XPCC, and it has been China's long-term strategy to give better play to the unique role of the XPCC in maintaining stability and safeguarding the border. Under new conditions, the XPCC should never be allowed to weaken, but rather be strengthened.
兵團正處在新的歷史起點上，兵團的發展面臨前所未有的機遇。在新的歷史時期，兵團要當好安邊固疆的穩定器、凝聚各族群眾的大熔爐、匯集先進生產力和先進文化的示范區，壯大實力，深化“兵地融合”發展，聚焦新疆社會穩定和長治久安總目標，履行好中央賦予的各項職能。	Standing at a new historical starting point, the XPCC is presented with unprecedented opportunities. In the new historical period, the XPCC must play its part as a stabilizer of frontier security and stability, a melting pot of all ethnic groups, and a demonstration zone for advanced productive forces and culture. It must reinforce itself, further its integration with the local society, be devoted to social stability and lasting peace in Xinjiang, and perform all its functions as entrusted by the central government.
有中央政府的堅強領導和支持，有全國人民的積極支援，有新疆維吾爾自治區和各族人民的大力幫助，有兵團60年發展打下的堅實基礎，完全有理由相信，兵團的明天一定會更加美好！	With the strong leadership and support of the central government, proactive assistance from all the people in China, the great help of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and all ethnic groups, and the solid foundation laid over the past 60 years of its development, the XPCC is sure to embrace a better tomorrow.
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